Embedded consultations – Where consultation is built into standard routine processes

Not all public participation or consultation is a one-off exercise.

It is true that much that is most visible reflects the most extensive, wide-ranging dialogues, accompanied by appropriately high wide and handsome press coverage. But away from the glare of publicity much of the day-to-day public consultation takes the form of repetitive activities where public involvement is just part of a wider business process.

Local Government is full of good examples. Applying for planning permission involves a sequence of actions including consulting those who may be affected. Designating or modifying rights of way obliges Highway Authorities to consult local people as well as visitors to the area. Education departments who wish to close or merge schools must consult parents and others as part of the process. Reviews of entertainment or late night alcohol licenses issued by a Licensing Authority are preceded by a period of local consultation …. the list goes on and on.